Taproot upgrade changed Bitcoin’s script capabilities but, critics say, it failed to deliver the promised privacy and simple multisig benefits; instead it expanded the social attack surface that enabled Ordinals and Runes to drive high-fee onchain activity and network debate. Taproot expanded Bitcoin scripting, enabling Ordinals and Runes to embed large nonfinancial data. Critics argue Taproot increased spam and complexity, while proponents point to fee revenue supporting miner ince...
