Vitalik Buterin Unveils Ethereum Rollup Security: A Step-by-Step Guide Through Three Stages

On May 6th, Vitalik Buterin articulated a comprehensive framework for the security of Ethereum Rollups, categorizing it into three distinct stages. In Stage 0, the security committee wields absolute control, enabling a complete veto over the proof system, which raises concerns about centralization. Progressing to Stage 1 entails collaborative intervention necessitating consensus from 6 out of 8 committee members, alongside implementing an external membership threshold for limited interaction. Ultimately, Stage 2 permits interventions solely based on verifiable errors, thus preventing arbitrary judgments. Buterin advocates for a gradual transition from Stage 0 to Stage 2, stressing that the initial stage, characterized by compromised security, should be minimized in duration. Emphasizing the importance of thorough audits and the maturation of the proof system, he asserts that Rollups ought to commence from at least Stage 1 to ensure robust and secure operations.